How the geological record affects our reconstructions of early Middle Stone Age settlement patterns: The case of an alluvial fan setting for Koimilot (Kapthurin Formation), Kenya
نویسنده
چکیده
Variation in artifact type, site function and location are among the variables used to assess behavioral changes in the archaeological record. However, our understanding of these variables is strongly conditioned by the depositional context of the recovered material. As an example, I explore the affects of an alluvial fan depositional setting on our understanding of Middle Pleistocene hominin behavioral variation in eastern Africa, focusing on artifact assemblages from the site of Koimilot, located west of Lake Baringo in the Gregory Rift Valley of Kenya. Koimilot is one of a small number of typologically Middle Stone Age sites that predate the last interglacial, and provides an important comparison with older Acheulian assemblages from the Kapthurin Formation. Alluvial fan settings provide a range of resources that may have attracted hominins, and also are conducive to archaeological site burial and preservation. Geological, environmental, and archaeological data suggest that Koimilot may preferentially preserve only a restricted portion of the full behavioral repertoire of past hominin foraging populations in the Baringo area. Résumé. Les variations dans les types d’outils, la fonction des sites et leur localisation font partie des variables prises en compte pour l’évaluation des changements comportementaux dans le registre archéologique. Cependant notre compréhension de ces variables est fortement dépendante du contexte de mise en place du matériel retrouvé. A titre d’exemple, j’explore les effets du contexte de dépôt en cône d’alluvial sur notre compréhension de la variabilité comportementale des hominidés du Pléistocène en Afrique de l’est, en considérant tout particulièrement les ensembles lithiques du site de Koimilot, situé à l’ouest du lac Baringo dans la Gregory Rift Valley au Kenya. Koimilot fait partie de ces petits sites antérieurs à la dernière phase interglaciaire, attribués typologiquement au Middle Stone Age et apportant des éléments de comparaison importants avec les ensembles acheuléens plus anciens de la formation de Kapthurin. Le contexte de cône alluvial fournit un ensemble de ressources qui ont pu à la fois attirer les hominidés et favorisé l’enfouissement et la préservation des sites archéologiques. Les données géologiques, environnementales et archéologiques suggèrent que Koimilot n’aurait préservé qu’une portion restreinte de tout le répertoire comportemental des populations d’hominidés anciens ayant subsisté dans la région de Baringo. SDIIItyronchap:Layout 1 12.04.10 07:33 Seite 39
منابع مشابه
“Early” Middle Stone Age Lithic Technology of the Kapthurin Formation (Kenya)
The production of Levallois flakes is considered a hallmark of many Middle Stone Age (MSA) sites, but this aspect of African Pleistocene hominin technology remains poorly documented relative to that from adjacent regions. The site of Koimilot, from the Kapthurin Formation of Kenya, preserves stratified artifact assemblages that show use of multiple Levallois methods to produce flakes of varied ...
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